Silicon Valley is many things, but perhaps most importantly it serves as a symbol; a metaphor. In public discourse, Silicon Valley frequently represents a particular vision of technology and the future, and much of its lasting influence emerges not from its inventions alone but from its symbolic significance, shaping aspirations and serving as a model to be replicated elsewhere (McElroy 2024; Chan 2025). Indeed, today there exists not merely one Silicon Valley but many—the Silicon Valley of Europe (Stockholm, London, Dublin), the Silicon Valleys of India and China (Bangalore, Shenzhen), and the Silicon Valley of Africa (Lagos), among numerous others globally. While this vision of technological innovation is often celebrated as a promising pathway toward future prosperity, it simultaneously raises anxieties about what critics describe as a form of “Silicon Valley Imperialism” (McElroy 2024). In this critical perspective, the ideals, practices, and economic models originating in Silicon Valley are exported worldwide, presented as the singular viable pathway to technological advancement. Hong Kong-based philosopher Yuk Hui notably refers to it as a “unilateral” future (Hui 2017:52). (read more...)