Latest

What Would Happen if Ethnographers Learned to Process Signals?

It is a three-dimensional network generated in TouchDesigner, where connecting the software to sound signals allows the image to react in real time, transforming its structure and movement according to variations in the audio.

During my doctoral research, focused on neuroscience laboratories and their forms of engagement with other spaces in the city of Bogotá, Colombia, I have been observing how artists and researchers use different processes to modulate, transform, and process biological signals in order to create artistic works. This experience led me to try to learn how to use the same software they employ. I created a small piece that I would like to show, along with a brief presentation of some of the reflections that emerged from it. (read more...)

Recent

Blood Circulation: Opening Up a Closed System

On any given day, at any given moment, blood flows through bodies, flesh and viscera, shaping our world from the inside out. The process is rather simple, I have been told: in the human body, blood is propelled by the heart, repetitively flowing from the right atrium and right ventricle, through the pulmonary system, into the left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta. It then unfurls into the rest of the body and back to our starting point, the right heart. (read more...)

What’s in a Name?

“My Dear Sir,” wrote Henry Fox Talbot one Wednesday in late 1870, “I am informed by Mr. Cooper that a new Society under your auspices is going to be…formed for the promotion of Egyptian and Assyrian Archæology and Biblical Chronology…It will perhaps be difficult to devise a suitable name for the Society, that of Syro-Egyptian being preoccupied. Perhaps Egypto-Chaldæan would do – I know nothing of the Syro-Egyptian beyond its name, but I suppose from the fact of your promoting a new society, that you think the Syro-Egyptian a failure.” Talbot was a British aristocrat and a scholar of Assyrian cuneiform, writing to Dr. Samuel Birch, keeper of Oriental Antiquities at the British Museum. The two men had corresponded about Assyrian antiquity for almost twenty years, working to decipher cuneiform texts stamped into ancient clay tablets. Birch’s response was swift. His new project would combine the Syro-Egyptian Society with another organization, the Chronological Institute, to create an expanded journal for “researches connected with Biblical lands.” (read more...)

Vue aérienne du port de pêche de Tanger-Ville. Les installations portuaires et les quais sont entourés d’une digue. Au loin, un porte-conteneurs navigue dans le détroit de Gibraltar. La côte espagnole se profile à l’horizon.

What the Map Conceals: Sovereignty and the Sea in the Strait of Gibraltar

An aerial view of the Strait of Gibraltar shows something that resembles order. Container ships move in two disciplined lanes, their wakes parallel lines across the surface. Between them, a single patrol vessel sits like a traffic cop at an intersection. Smaller ships move differently: ferries on fixed schedules, fishing boats angling across the grain, following lines invisible from above. The Strait, fourteen kilometers at its narrowest, appears split down the middle, dividing Morocco from Spain, Africa from Europe. Deleuze and Guattari (1987) described the sea as the exemplary smooth space—fluid, directionless, resistant to the grid—but also as the first place to be striated, ruled into navigable geometry by technologies of longitude and open-water navigation. From above, the striae of the strait are clear. The question is what that striation conceals. (read more...)

A screenshot of an official, public notification from the Gazette of India announcing the enforcement date of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021. The text is in English and Hindi, and describes the source of the notification (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Health Research, Government of India), and states that the provisions of the Act will come into force on January 25, 2022.

Criminality, Risk, and Labor: Altruistic Surrogacy in Contemporary India

Surrogacy is a form of assisted reproduction in which the gestational labor of birthing a child is carried out by someone other than the intending parent/s. Surrogacy in India has gained a great deal of popularity over the last three decades, emerging as a major transnational commercial hub. Generating close to $2.3 billion in annual revenue (Rudrappa 2015), the industry was largely unregulated, until recently. In December 2021, the Indian state passed the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, criminalizing commercial surrogacy and permitting only altruistic surrogacy for select clients. The Act bans the “commercialization of surrogacy services,” outlawing any possible compensation for surrogate workers, whether it is “payment, reward, benefit, fees, remuneration, or monetary incentive in cash or kind” (Government of India 2021, 2). In effect, surrogacy is legally permitted only if it is “altruistic,” with heavy punitive measures in place for commercial surrogacy. By “altruistic” surrogacy, the state means an unpaid surrogacy arrangement that is borne out of the good will and selflessness of the surrogate worker, upon whose body the biomedically intensive, complicated, and risky process of surrogacy is carried out. It is important to note that surrogacy arrangements in India are largely shaped by stark power imbalances. Surrogate workers tend to come from marginalized socioeconomic backgrounds, and are often low-income, oppressed-caste women from rural areas. Intending parent/s, by contrast, are typically more privileged – urban, middle-to-upper-class, and from dominant-caste groups. These structural disparities have significant implications for surrogate workers in the current moment, with the regulatory turn to “altruism.” (read more...)

Data Borders: Three Years Later

What should we do today? How would you write Data Borders differently today? But what can I do? People often ask me these questions when I present my research on my book, Data Borders: How Silicon Valley is Building an Industry Around Immigrants (Villa-Nicholas 2023), which examines the growing industry of data collection for the surveillance and control of immigrants in the United States. These questions arise in undergraduate and graduate classrooms, at academic conferences, and among public workers in the United States. I respond by advocating for policy protections for immigrant information rights, providing examples of data rights activism, and demonstrating how we are applying techno-imagined futures within my Southern California community to advocate for humane shifts in technological design and data collection. (read more...)

Gender Dimensions of Platform Work: How Do They Shape Unionizing?

This article is the fourth article in a series about gig and platform worker unions in India written by members of the Labor Tech Research Network. Read the introduction to the series here, the second post in the series here, and the third post here. In January 2024, hundreds of women workers associated with the on-demand home services app Urban Company (henceforth UC) gathered in protest outside the platform’s regional office in Hyderabad, India. The workers, many of whom were working as beauticians on the app, were protesting a slew of platform policies that had steadily eroded their working conditions over time (Figure 1). Most notable of these was the introduction of a new feature called ‘auto-assign’, which requires workers to mark the time slots that they are available to work on the app, following which they are assigned gigs automatically by the platform. The new ‘auto-assign’ policy marked a significant shift away from a previously more flexible system, where women could choose their gigs and hours. The promise of flexibility has been a prime reason that attracted women workers to platforms like UC, as it enables them to access paid work while also attending to their housework and care work responsibilities. It is this very erosion of flexibility that women were holding UC to account for. (read more...)

Conceptual diagram with curved connecting lines linking key terms. On the left, “indexicality” and “inclusive AI systems” connect to “incompleteness” and “(queering) bridging.” These central ideas link to “building” and “text” at the bottom. On the right, “incompleteness” also connects to “large image models,” which relate to “fabulating” and “convivial GPT.” All elements are interconnected, suggesting a network of relationships between AI systems, language, and interpretive processes.

Techno-Ethics and Feminist AI: What Role for an African Studies Approach to Science and Technology?

This post is inspired by the collaborative conceptualization of a workshop on African feminist AI held at ETHOS Lab in May 2025. It is deeply indebted to the ideas shared by the workshop organizers and participants. (read more...)