Smart Methods? WhatsApp, Ethics, and Inclusive Knowledge Production
Digital tools, such as WhatsApp, have offered methodological opportunities for connection, data collection, and the democratization of knowledge production, in part because they are easily accessible and affordable. These advantages notwithstanding, we must critically reflect on the limitations and ethical implications of these digital platforms (Leurs, 2023; Lintner, 2025; Mavhandu-Mudzusi et al., 2022). This is especially true regarding concerns about data sensitivity, data surveillance, and data security and storage by third-party providers (Leurs, 2023; Tomás & Bidet, 2024). Given the heightened ethical scrutiny surrounding the use of social media as tools of research, it is likely that scholarship and ethics committees will continue to critically assess the use of platforms such as WhatsApp, despite its accessibility to many (Lavorgna & Sugiura, 2022; Wilson et al., 2026). (read more...)